TOPIC 6 ISDM INTERNET.

ISDM  is a conceptual model used in Project Management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project.

Systems development is the process of defining, designing, testing, and implementing a new software application or program

 IS DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES DEFINITION

IS Development Methodologies contain models and should tell you ‘what’ steps to take and ‘how’ to perform those steps but most importantly the reasons ‘why’ those steps should be taken, in that particular order.

Jayaratna, (1994)pg. 37

ISD methodologies as a recommended collection of philosophies, phases, procedures, rules, techniques, tools, documentation, management and training for developers of information systems .

Maddison et al. (1984)

ISD  methodologies is a collection of procedures, techniques, tools and documentation aids which will help the systems developers in their efforts to implement a new information system.

WHY USE A METHODOLOGY

WHY AND WHEN YOU INITIATE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

Problem with existing system

Desire to introduce new system

Change in market/external environment

Merger or acquisition

TYPES OF ISD METHODOLOGIES

TOPIC 5 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION CBIS, TPS, MIS.

MIS is an integrated collection of people, procedures, databases and devices that provides managers and decision makers with information to help achieve organizational goals.

- Management information systems have evolved from transaction processing systems

Functions of a MIS:

Help Organization achieve goals

Provide right info to the right people at the right time and format

 A management information system, is an information system that generates accurate, timely and organized information so managers and other users can make decisions, solve problems, supervise activities, and track progress.

Sometimes called  as management reporting system (MRS).

CBIS is a an organised integration of hardware and software technologies and human elements designed to produce timely, integrated, accurate and useful information for decision making purpose.
EXAMPLE OF CBIS

TPS is a transaction process system TPS  it is an information processing system for business transaction involving the collection, modification and retrieved of all transaction dat characteristics TPS include performance, reliability and consistency.
EXAMPLE OF TPS

TOPIC 4 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IT AND ICT

Information and Communications Technology or (ICT), is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), but is a more specific term that stresses the role of unified communications[1] and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.[2]

The phrase ICT had been used by academic researchers since the 1980s,[3] but it became popular after it was used in a report to the UK government by Dennis Stevenson in 1997[4] and in the revised National Curriculum for England, Wales and Northern Ireland in 2000.

 “IT” is “Information Technology” whereas “ICT” is “Information Communications Technology.”

 IT is an industry in itself which employs the use of computers, elaborate networks, computer software, and other digital or electronic devices for managing and communicating information.

 ICT is mainly used in the academic setup while IT is used in more complex and bigger organizations such as companies and large corporations.

 ICTs stand for information and communication technologies

and are defined, for the purposes of this primer, as a “diverse

set of technological tools and resources used to communicate,

and to create, disseminate, store, manage information.”

 These technologies include computers, the Internet,

broadcasting technologies (radio and television), and telephony

 USE OF IT IN AIU

 To organize meetings and schedules, spreadsheets and the sharing of information, computers and telecommunications are now a standard requirement

  Many businesses use IT to conduct fast research for a wide variety of reasons. Local councils need to have access to peoples work history and background for housing placements or social assistance.

 Each of the different ICTs—print, audio/video cassettes, radio and TV broadcasts, computers or the Internet—may be used for presentation and demonstration, the most basic of the five levels. 

Lecturers uses face book and self service as medium of communication to pass information to students.

TOPIC 3 Information system

IS information system is the collection of technical and human resources that provide the storage computing, distribution and communication for the information required by all or some part of an enterprise, a special form of IS is a management information system MIS, which provides information for managing an enterprise.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CONCEPT
a) Information technology architecture:

A map or plan of the information assets in an organisation.

Integrates entire organisation’s business needs for information, infrastructure and applications.

b)The physical facilities, IT components, IT services, and IT personnel that support an entire organization.

- IT components: computer hardware, software, and  communication technologies.

- IT services: Services provided for people/customer  e.g.Data  management, systems    development and  security management.

COMPONENTS OF IS: PEOPLE

IT Manager/IT Technician

System Developer/ Programmer

 User

 System Analyst and Design

 COMPONENTS OF IS: PROCEDURES

Strategies, policies, methods and rules for using computer information system including operation, security and maintenance of the computer.

 For Example: some procedures describe when each program should be run.

Topic 2 ICT

ICT refers to information communication and technology, it is similar to the information technology IT, but focus primarily on communication technologies. The includes the internet, network cell phones and other communication medium.

USAGES OF ICT IN DAILY LIFE.
science
health care
education
banking

government 

generally ICT has many divers others users in our daily life wich is also playing a imprtant role for the interconnection of the people and our work. ICT includes also the range of hardware and software devices and programmmes such as personal computers assertive, multimedia programmes, image edition software data base and spreadsheet programmes. It also include the communications equipment through which people  seek and access information including the internet, email and video conferences.

TOPIC 1 IT

IT information technology is a term that a compasses all forms of technology  used to create, store exchange, motion pictures, multimedia presentation, and other forms, including those not get conceived.

However, but talking about IT we need to talk about computer which is define as a programmable machine device that carries out what has been instructed to do.

those are some important operation of computer

Input 

Processing

Output

Store 

Communication

and the revolution of the computer has started since in the first generation and those generations are:

First generation( 1940-1950) vacuum tube

Second generation(1950-1964) transistors

Third generation (1964-1974) integrated circuits

fourth  generation(1974 present) VLSI/ULSI

Fifth generation (now and future)intelligence artificial

In conclusion i can say that from my general understanding IT had played a important role to our life which is helping people to develop their skills on communication, and business.

The violence against women must be stopped.

Violence against  women touches every level of the society in every part of the world. It can take many forms across the life course, from violence against the girl child elder abuse in older women. At least one out of every three women around the world has been neaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime. who studies have shown that the domestics violence is the most common form of violence against women worldwide, these studies have linked violence against women and girl to the host of physical and mental health problems ranging from broken bones to pregnancy-related complication, to depression and impair social functioning.


Preventing against women requires a multi-sectoral approach, and in this context the health sector has a central role to play. this role includes helping to identify abuse early, providing victims with the necessary treatment, and referring women to appropriate and informed care. Promising public health strategies include changing attitudes that foster violence and gender inequality, helping women to become financially independent strengthening the self-esteem of women and girl, and reducing excessive alcohol consumption. 

Living free from violence is a human right, many millions of women and girls suffer disproportionately from violence both in peace and war, at the hands of the state, in the home and community. Across the globe, women are beaten, raped, mutilated, and killed with impunity. The women are the key word of the human be, raping, killing them, beaten them, is crime against the humanity, women from all kinds of backgrounds. Sometimes women are attacked by strangers  but most often their hurt by people close to them, violence and abuse can cause terrible physical and emotion pain.

Intercultural communication

                                                       

Intercultural communication in its most basic form refers to an academic field of study and research. Its seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures behave, communicate and perceive the world around them. The findings of such academic research are then applied to 'real life' situations such as how to create cultural synergy between people from different cultures within a business or how psychologists understand their patients.

The definition of intercultural communication must also include strands of the field that contribute to it such as  anthropology, cultural studies, psychology and communication.

There are many researchers and academics of note within the intercultural field, who naturally all have different definitions of 'intercultual communication'. For example Karlfried Knapp  defines it as "'Intercultural communication,' can...be defined as the interpersonal interaction between members of different groups, which differ from each other in respect of the knowledge shared by their members and in respect of their linguistic forms of symbolic behaviour. The theories developed by the researchers and academics can and has been applied to many fields such as business, management, marketing, advertising and website design. As business becomes more and more international, many companies need to know how best to structure their companies, manage staff and communicate with customers. Intercultural communication gives them an insight into the areas they need to address or understand. Intercultural communication theories are now also used within the education, health care and other public services due to growing multicultural populations.